1. Crop Production and Management

• Agricultural Practices: Introduction to different agricultural practices, including preparation of soil, sowing, weeding, and harvesting.
• Irrigation: Methods of irrigation such as traditional and modern techniques (e.g., drip irrigation, sprinklers).
• Fertilizers and Manures: Difference between fertilizers and manures, and their roles in crop production.
• Storage and Preservation: Methods of storing and preserving grains and seeds to prevent spoilage.

2. Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

• Types of Microorganisms: Study of different types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
• Useful Microorganisms: Role of microorganisms in food production (e.g., yeast in bread making), medicine (e.g., antibiotics), and environmental cleanup.
• Harmful Microorganisms: Understanding how microorganisms cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, and methods to prevent infections.
• Food Preservation: Techniques like pasteurization, canning, and refrigeration to prevent microbial growth in food.

3. Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

• Types of Synthetic Fibres: Introduction to synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon, polyester, and acrylic, and their properties.
• Plastics: Study of different types of plastics, their uses, and environmental impact.
• Advantages and Disadvantages: Understanding the benefits of synthetic fibres and plastics, as well as the environmental challenges they pose.
• Recycling and Disposal: Importance of recycling plastics and the concept of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

4. Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

• Properties of Metals and Non-Metals: Differentiating between metals and non-metals based on properties like malleability, ductility, conductivity, and reactivity.
• Chemical Reactions: Simple chemical reactions involving metals and non-metals, including the formation of oxides, rusting, and displacement reactions.
• Uses of Metals and Non-Metals: Exploring the various uses of metals (e.g., in construction, machinery) and non-metals (e.g., in fertilizers, water purification).

5. Coal and Petroleum

• Fossil Fuels: Introduction to fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas, and how they are formed.
• Uses of Coal and Petroleum: Exploring the various uses of coal (e.g., in power generation) and petroleum products (e.g., fuels, lubricants).
• Conservation of Fossil Fuels: Understanding the need to conserve fossil fuels and exploring alternative sources of energy.
• Environmental Impact: Study of the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels, including air pollution and global warming.

6. Combustion and Flame

• Combustion: Understanding the process of combustion, the conditions required for combustion, and types of combustion (e.g., rapid, spontaneous).
• Flame: Structure of a flame, understanding different zones of a flame, and the concept of fuel efficiency.
• Fire Control: Methods to control and extinguish fires, and the importance of fire safety measures.
• Fuel: Characteristics of a good fuel and the environmental impact of burning fuels.

7. Conservation of Plants and Animals

• Biodiversity: Understanding the concept of biodiversity and the importance of conserving biodiversity.
• Endangered Species: Study of endangered species and the reasons for their decline.
• Conservation Efforts: Introduction to national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves as methods of conservation.
• Extinction and Endangered Species: Understanding the impact of human activities on species extinction and the importance of conservation efforts.

8. Cell: Structure and Functions

• Cell Structure: Study of the basic structure of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
• Cell Organelles: Introduction to various cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles, and their functions.
• Types of Cells: Differentiation between plant cells and animal cells based on structure and function.
• Cell Division: Basic understanding of cell division and its importance in growth and reproduction.

9. Reproduction in Animals

• Modes of Reproduction: Differentiating between sexual and asexual reproduction in animals.
• Human Reproductive System: Study of the male and female reproductive systems and the process of fertilization.
• Development of Embryo: Understanding how an embryo develops into a fetus and the process of childbirth.
• Reproductive Health: Basic concepts of reproductive health and hygiene.

10. Reaching the Age of Adolescence

• Adolescence and Puberty: Understanding the physical and emotional changes during adolescence.
• Hormones: Role of hormones in growth and development during puberty.
• Reproductive Health: Importance of maintaining hygiene, balanced diet, and emotional well-being during adolescence.
• Gender Identity and Social Awareness: Encouraging respect and understanding of gender identity and addressing social issues related to adolescence.

11. Force and Pressure

• Types of Forces: Introduction to different types of forces, including contact forces (e.g., friction) and non-contact forces (e.g., gravity).
• Pressure: Understanding the concept of pressure, its calculation, and applications in daily life (e.g., hydraulic systems).
• Friction: Study of friction, factors affecting friction, and methods to reduce or increase friction.
• Pressure in Fluids: Exploring how pressure is exerted in liquids and gases, and its applications.

12. Friction

• Nature of Friction: Understanding friction as a force that opposes motion, and the factors that affect friction.
• Types of Friction: Differentiating between static, sliding, and rolling friction.
• Advantages and Disadvantages: Exploring the advantages of friction (e.g., walking, writing) and its disadvantages (e.g., wear and tear).
• Reducing Friction: Methods to reduce friction, including the use of lubricants and ball bearings.

13. Sound

• Nature of Sound: Understanding how sound is produced, travels, and is heard.
• Characteristics of Sound: Study of pitch, loudness, and quality of sound.
• Human Ear: Basic understanding of the structure and function of the human ear.
• Noise Pollution: Exploring the causes and effects of noise pollution, and methods to reduce it.

14. Chemical Effects of Electric Current

• Conductors and Insulators: Differentiating between materials that conduct electricity and those that do not.
• Chemical Effects: Understanding the chemical effects of electric current, including electroplating and electrolysis.
• Electrolytes: Introduction to electrolytes and their role in conducting electricity.
• Applications: Exploring the practical applications of the chemical effects of electric current, such as in batteries and purification processes.

15. Some Natural Phenomena

• Lightning and Earthquakes: Understanding how lightning occurs and the safety measures to take during a lightning storm.
• Earthquakes: Study of the causes of earthquakes, their effects, and the importance of earthquake preparedness.
• Electroscope: Introduction to the electroscope and its use in detecting electric charges.
• Seismology: Basic understanding of how earthquakes are measured using seismographs.

16. Light

• Reflection and Refraction: Study of the laws of reflection and refraction, and how light behaves when it passes through different mediums.
• Lenses and Mirrors: Understanding the types of lenses (concave, convex) and mirrors, and their applications.
• Dispersion of Light: Introduction to the dispersion of light and the formation of the spectrum.
• Human Eye: Basic structure and functioning of the human eye, common eye defects, and their correction.

17. Stars and the Solar System

• The Solar System: Study of the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in our solar system.
• Stars: Understanding the life cycle of stars, including the concept of constellations and the night sky.
• Artificial Satellites: Introduction to artificial satellites and their uses in communication, weather forecasting, and space exploration.
• Space Exploration: Basic understanding of space missions, including the roles of space agencies like NASA and ISRO.

18. Pollution of Air and Water

• Air Pollution: Understanding the causes and effects of air pollution, and exploring ways to reduce it.
• Water Pollution: Study of water pollution, its sources, and its impact on the environment and human health.
• Conservation: Importance of conserving air and water resources, and the role of government and individuals in reducing pollution.
• Global Warming and Climate Change: Introduction to global warming, its causes, effects, and measures to combat climate change.