Part A: Foundations of Business

1. Nature and Purpose of Business:
   • Concept of Business: Understanding the meaning and characteristics of business.
   • Types of Business Activities: Industrial and commercial activities, along with business objectives.
   • Business Risks: Discusses the concept of risk in business, including the nature and causes of business risks.
2. Forms of Business Organizations:
   • Sole Proprietorship: Single ownership and its features.
   • Partnership: Features, types, advantages, and limitations of partnership.
   • Hindu Undivided Family Business: Concept and characteristics.
   • Cooperative Societies: Meaning, types, advantages, and limitations.
   • Company: Introduction to private and public companies, their features, advantages, and limitations.
3. Private, Public, and Global Enterprises:
   • Private Sector and Public Sector: Characteristics and forms of public sector enterprises.
   • Multinational Corporations (MNCs): Meaning, features, and role of MNCs in the global business environment.
4. Business Services:
   • Banking: Types of banks, functions of commercial banks, and e-banking.
   • Insurance: Principles of insurance, types of insurance (life, fire, marine).
   • Transportation and Warehousing: Importance, types, and role in business.
   • Communication: Various modes of communication in business.
5. Emerging Modes of Business:
   • E-business: Concept, scope, and benefits of e-business.
   • Outsourcing: Concept, need, and types of outsourcing.
   • Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics: Concept of social responsibility and the rationale for it. Business ethics and its importance.
6. Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics:
   • Concept of Social Responsibility: The rationale for social responsibility and its importance.
   • Environmental Protection: Business and environmental protection, including the role of business in sustainable development.
   • Business Ethics: Importance of ethical practices in business.

Part B: Finance and Trade

1. Sources of Business Finance:
   • Introduction to Business Finance: Importance of business finance and its types.
   • Sources of Finance: Equity shares, debentures, bonds, loans, and advances.
   • International Financing: Global sources of finance like foreign direct investment (FDI) and euro issues.
2. Small Business:
   • Concept of Small Business: Definition, role, and types of small businesses in India.
   • Government Schemes: Assistance provided by the government to small-scale industries.
3. Internal Trade:
   • Types of Internal Trade: Wholesale and retail trade, services rendered by wholesalers and retailers.
   • Retail Trade: Types of retail trade, including departmental stores, chain stores, and mail-order houses.
   • Role of Chambers of Commerce and Industry: Functions and services provided by chambers of commerce.
4. International Business:
   • Nature and Scope of International Business: Meaning, features, and importance of international business.
   • Export and Import Procedures: Steps involved in exporting and importing goods.
   • World Trade Organization (WTO): Functions and role of WTO in promoting international trade.

Assessment and Examination

• The subject is assessed through a combination of theoretical exams and project work. Theoretical exams typically focus on conceptual clarity, understanding of business principles, and the application of these concepts to real-world scenarios. Project work may involve case studies, presentations, and research on various business topics.